保定建兴模具制造有限公司

三格化粪池结构与原理

The structure and principle of three septic tanks

三格化粪池由相联的三个池子组成，中间由过粪管联通，主要是利用厌氧发酵、中层过粪和寄生虫卵比重大于一般混合液比重而易于沉淀的原理，粪便在池内经过30天以上的发酵分解，中层粪液依次由1池流至3池，以达到沉淀或杀灭粪便中寄生虫卵和肠道致病菌的目的，第3池粪液成为优质化肥。

The three septic tanks are made up of three pools connected by each other. The main is the principle that the anaerobic fermentation, the middle layer of feces and the parasite eggs are easily precipitated by the specific gravity of the parasite, and the feces are decomposed for more than 30 days in the pool, and the middle fecal fluid flows from 1 pools to 3 pools in order to reach the precipitation. The purpose of killing the pathogens in the feces of parasitic eggs and intestines is to make third pools of waste liquid a good quality fertilizer.

新鲜粪便由进粪口进入第一池，池内粪便开始发酵分解、因比重不同粪液可自然分为三层，上层为糊状粪皮，下层为块状或颗状粪渣，中层为比较澄清的粪液。在上层粪皮和下层粪渣中含细菌和寄生虫卵最多，中层含虫卵最少，初步发酵的中层粪液经过粪管溢流至第二池，而将大部分未经充分发酵的粪皮和粪渣阻留在第一池内继续发酵。流入第二他的粪液进一步发酵分解，虫卵继续下沉，病原体逐渐死亡，粪液得到进一步无害化，产生的粪皮和粪 厚度比第一池显著减少。流人第三池的粪液一般已经腐熟，其中病菌和寄生虫卵已基本杀灭。第三池功能主要起储存已基本无害化的粪液作用。

Fresh feces enter the first pool from the mouth of the dung. The feces in the pool begin to be fermented and decompose, which can be naturally divided into three layers. The upper layer is a paste dung, the lower layer is lump or dung, and the middle layer is a relatively clarified fecal fluid. The upper fecal and lower fecal slag contains the most bacteria and parasite eggs, and the middle layer contains the fewest eggs, and the primary fermented medium fecal fluid spillage through the fecal tube to second pools, while most of the unfermented fecal and fecal residues are kept in the first tank and continue to be fermented. In second, the fecal fluid was further decomposed, the eggs continued to sink, the pathogen gradually died, the fecal fluid was further harmless, and the fecal and fecal thickness decreased significantly than that in the first pool. In the third pools, the feces were generally decomposed, and the germs and parasitic eggs were basically destroyed. The third pool function mainly plays the role of storing basically harmless manure.

三格化粪池厕所的地下部分结构由便器、进粪管、过粪管、三格化粪池、盖板五部分组成。便器：由工厂加工生产或白行预制，便器采用直通式，与进粪管联接，也可使用水封式便器，不再安装近粪管。

The three part of the underground part of the septic tank toilet consists of five parts: toilet, excrement tube, excrement tube, three septic tank and cover plate. Toilets: factory production or white line prefabrication. The toilet can be directly connected to the excrement tube, and the water closet can also be used to stop the installation of near feces.

进粪管：塑料、铸铁、水泥管均可，内壁光滑、防止结粪、内径为10cm，长度为30-50cm。过粪管：以塑料管为好，直径为10-15cm，1-2池间的过粪管长约70-75cm，2-3池间的过粪管长约50一55Cm。

Feces: plastic, cast iron and cement pipes. The inner wall is smooth and prevents feces formation, the inner diameter is 10cm, and the length is 30-50cm. Over manure pipe: plastic pipe is good, diameter is 10-15cm, the 1-2 dung of the pond is about 70-75cm, and the feces of the 2-3 pools are about 50 55Cm.

三格池：用砖砌水泥粉壁面或水泥现浇，预制均可，以"目"字形为主要类型，若受地形限制，"品"字形、"丁"个型摆都也可。容积达到贮粪2个月为宜。三格池有效深度应不少于1 cm ，1至3格容积比例一般为2：1：3。

Three grid: brick cement powder wall surface or cement cast-in-place, prefabrication can be prefabricated with the "eye" shape as the main type, if the terrain is restricted, "product" shape, "Ding" type pendulum can also. It is suitable for 2 months of volume. The effective depth of the three cell pool should be not less than 1 cm, and the volume ratio of 1 to 3 grids is generally 2:1:3.

盖板：可自行预制，要做到既密闭，又便于清渣和取粪。

Cover plate: it can be prefabricated by itself, so that it is closed and easy to remove slag and take dung.

三格化粪池容积的计算方法

Calculation method of three septic tank volume

三格化粪池容积应根据使用人数、粪便发酵腐熟的时间以及沉卵灭菌的要求来决定。一般我国通用计算参数是每人每天的粪尿排泄量，包括少量冲洗厕所用水在内，按3．5公斤(最低量)计算，粪便发酵腐熟时间及病原体残废时间按30天计算，其中在第一池需停留20天，第二池停留10天，第一池和第二他的容积分别按此停留时间计算，第三池容积一般为一、二池之和。粪池容积的计算式如下：

The volume of three septic tanks should be determined according to the number of users, the time of feces fermentation and the requirements of ooking sterilization. Generally, the general calculation parameters of our country are daily excrement and excretion of each person, including a small amount of flushing toilet water, calculated by 3.5 kilograms (minimum amount). The decaying time of fecal fermentation and the residual time of pathogens are calculated according to 30 days. In the first pool, 20 days are needed, second pools are left for 10 days, and the first and second volumes are respectively. According to the residence time, the volume of the third pools is generally one or two pools. The calculation formula of the capacity of the septic tank is as follows:

粪池容积=（排粪尿量／日、人x使用人数x天数）/1000

Cesspool volume = (defecation volume / day, number of people using x x days) /1000

举例：4口人之家，排粪尿量／日?人，按3．5kg计，粪便贮存发酵时间30天，求-、二池有效容积。

For example: 4 people's homes, feces urine volume / day, according to 3.5kg, stool storage fermentation time of 30 days, seeking - two pools effective volume.

第一池有效容积＝3.5X4X20/1000＝0.28m3

The effective volume of the first pool = 3.5X4X20/1000 = 0.28m3

第二池有效容积＝3.5X4X10/1000＝0.14m3

Second pool effective volume = 3.5X4X10/1000 = 0.14m3

1000

One thousand

第一池为0.28A3，第二池为0.14m3；，第三池为1-2池之和，即0.42m3。

The first pool is 0.28A3, the second pool is 0.14m3, and the third pool is the sum of 1-2 pools, that is, 0.42m3.

考虑到便器的清洗次数、实际用水量不便掌握和便于施工等情况，粪池容积比计算结果大15-25％以上为宜。

Taking into account the frequency of toilet cleaning, the actual water consumption is not easy to grasp and facilitate the construction, etc., the volume of the septic tank volume ratio of more than 15-25% is appropriate.

施工要求与方法

Construction requirements and methods

三格化粪池厕所施工关键一是保证建筑质量，防止渗漏；二是把好过粪管安装质量关。

The key to the construction of three septic tank toilets is to ensure the quality of the building and prevent leakage. The two is to ensure the quality of the dung pipe installation.

1、施工人员工具的准备：具体施工人员应事先准备好砖刀、大小灰板、大小灰披、卷尺、水平仪、刷子、浇水泥用的模板等。

1, the preparation of the construction personnel tools: the concrete constructors should prepare the brick knife, the size grey board, the size grey cloak, the tape measure, the level instrument, the brush, the formwork used for cement.

2、材料的准备：在施工之前，施工人员需按砖砌、水泥预制、现浇等不同类型的用料需要，通知建厕农户，备足砖、水泥、砂石、钢筋、便器、进粪管、过粪管等材料，方可进行施工。

2, material preparation: before the construction, the builders need to meet the needs of different types of materials, such as brick, cement prefabrication, and cast-in-place, and inform the builders of the toilets, spare bricks, cement, sand, steel, stool, dung pipe, dung pipe and so on.

3、放样和挖坑：根据用户需要和具体情况，选好化粪池的位置、确定形状和池子的大小，按照实际推广容积和各池长度量好尺寸，撒上石灰线。放线时应留出砖砌或现浇余地，一般每条边放出5cm 。

3, setting out and digging: according to the user needs and specific conditions, select the location of the septic tank, determine the shape and size of the pool, according to the actual volume and the length of the pool of good size, sprinkled with lime. When leaving the line, bricks or cast-in-place leeway should be left. 5cm is usually released on each side.

放线完了以后，要进行挖三格粪池坑，掏出坑内的泥土。土坑的深度为120cm。

After the line is finished, dig up three rows of septic pit and dig out the soil in the pit. The depth of the pit is 120cm.

4、底板的处理：底层先铺5 cm碎石垫层，上浇8cm厚混凝土，混凝土标号为150号。

4, the processing of the bottom plate: first lay 5 cm gravel cushion, then pour 8cm thick concrete, and the concrete number is 150.

5、砖砌或浇铸化粪池：按化粪池的尺寸先砌好墙体，分三格，中间分隔两道墙体，由于第二池较窄，施工有一定困难，因此，砌到一定高度后，抹好水泥再继续砌墙。注意埋放好过粪管各一根。混凝土浇铸化粪池应按尺寸固定好模板，然后用150号混凝土浇灌，厚度为5 cm并用湿草帘复盖，2天左右待水泥凝固后方可拆除模板。

5, brick or cast septic tank: according to the size of the septic tank, the wall is built first, the wall is divided into three blocks, and two walls are separated in the middle. The construction has some difficulties because of the narrow second pool. Pay attention to one of the dung tubes. The concrete casting septic tank should be fixed in accordance with the size of the template, and then poured with No. 150 concrete, the thickness is 5 cm, and the wet grass curtain is covered. After 2 days, the formwork can be dismantled before the cement is solidified.

6、过粪管的安装要求：第一池进入第二池的过粪管的位置宜放在第--池有效深度的下约1／3处角度以45。60。为宜，即管的下口距离第一池池底约35 cm；第二池进入第三池的过粪管下口在第二池深的1／2处，一二池的过粪管的两

6. Installation requirements for the excrement tube: the position of the first excrement tube in the first pool entering the second pool should be placed at the angle of 1 / 3 of the effective depth of the first pool - 45. 60. It is appropriate that the lower mouth of the tube is about 35 cm at the bottom of the first pool; the second pool enters the third pool of the lower mouth of the dung pipe in 1 / 2 deep in the second pool, and two in the one or two pool of the dung pipe.