保定建兴模具制造有限公司

Knowledge of septic tanks

现代污水处理技术，按处理程度划分，可分为一级、二级和三级处理工艺。污水一级处理应用物理方法，如筛滤、沉淀等去除污水中不溶解的悬浮固体和漂浮物质。污水二级处理主要是应用生物处理方法，即通过微生物的代谢作用进行物质转化的过程，将污水中的各种复杂的有机物氧化降解为简单的物质。生物处理对污水水质、水温、水中的溶氧量、pH值等有一定的要求。污水三级处理是在一、二级处理的基础上，应用混凝、过滤、离子交换、反渗透等物理、化学方法去除污水中难溶解的有机物、磷、氮等营养性物质。污水中的污染物组成非常复杂，常常需要以上几种方法组合，才能达到处理要求。

Modern sewage treatment technology, according to the degree of treatment, can be divided into one, two and three treatment processes. The primary treatment of sewage uses physical methods such as filtration and sedimentation to remove insoluble suspended solids and floating substances. Secondary treatment of sewage is mainly the application of biological treatment methods, that is, through the metabolism of microorganisms in the process of material transformation, the sewage in a variety of complex organic oxidative degradation into simple substances. Biological treatment has certain requirements for sewage water quality, water temperature, dissolved oxygen content in water and pH value. The three-stage treatment of sewage is based on the first and second-stage treatment, using coagulation, filtration, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and other physical and chemical methods to remove insoluble organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients in sewage. The composition of pollutants in sewage is very complex. It is often necessary to combine the above methods to meet the treatment requirements.

我们所说的化粪池就是一套污水一级处理装置，一般化粪池的尺寸为：长度6-10米、宽度3-3.5、高度为3.5-4米。共分为1、2、3级，污水首先通过管道流向化粪池第一级分解池过滤，再通过翻眼（过水口）流向第二级分解池，再通过翻眼（过水口）流到第三级清水池。

What we call a septic tank is a set of sewage treatment unit, the general size of the septic tank is: length 6-10 meters, width 3-3.5 meters, height 3.5-4 meters. It is divided into 1, 2, 3 stages. Sewage is first filtered through pipes to the first stage of the septic tank, then flowed to the second stage of the septic tank through the eyelet (water outlet), and then flowed to the third stage of the clean water tank through the eyelet (water outlet).

化粪池的设计储水深度一般为3米，翻眼的位置在池底和设计水面的中部，也就是水面以下1.5米的位置。原理：过滤漂浮物和沉淀物。翻眼的直径约为20公分的正方形，并排3个。

Septic tanks are generally designed to store water at a depth of 3 meters, with the eye-turning position at the bottom of the tank and in the middle of the design surface, i.e. 1.5 meters below the surface. Principle: filter floatation and sediment. The diameter of the eye is about 20 centimeters square and 3 sides.

使用中的化粪池应做到定期的清掏维护，以保障它的正常功能和避免堵塞，化粪池的日常维护性清掏，建议每一年一次。集体女生宿舍、大型酒店、餐饮业集中的化粪池每年清掏2次。新建小区的化粪池在前3年基本可以不用清掏维护，可在第四年或第五年进行首次清掏维保。

The septic tank in use should be regularly cleaned and maintained to ensure its normal function and avoid blockage. It is recommended that the septic tank be cleaned every year for daily maintenance. The collective septic tanks in hostel dormitories, large hotels and catering industries are cleaned 2 times a year. The septic tanks of the newly built residential quarters can be maintained for the first time in the fourth or fifth year without cleaning in the first three years.

很多人错误的人为，清掏化粪池就是要将化粪池的污水排干，再人工清理化粪池底部的沉积物。其实，这大可不必，因为，通过污水管道流向化粪池的污水和污物，98%以上会浮在水面以上（如：所料制品、布料、粪便、头发等等）只有不到2%的污物会沉积到底部。（如：泥沙、少量金属物）。

Many people make the mistake of digging out septic tanks to drain the sewage from the septic tanks and then manually clean up the sediment at the bottom of the septic tanks. In fact, this is not necessary, because more than 98% of the sewage and dirt flowing through the sewer to the septic tank will float above the water surface (such as: the products, cloth, feces, hair, etc.) less than 2% of the dirt will deposit at the bottom. (e.g. sediment, a small amount of metal).

化粪池本身就是一个收集污物，再进行降解、转化、过滤的容器。之所以要对化粪池进行清掏，是因为该容器的容量有限，要把那些常年无法降解的物质清理出来，让化粪池有足够的空间，才能起到继续收集和转化功能。

Septic tank itself is a container that collects dirt and then degradate, transform and filter. The reason for the removal of the septic tank is that the container has a limited capacity to clean out those perennial non-degradable substances, so that the septic tank has enough space to continue to collect and transform functions.

若化粪池长期不能得到有效的清理，会导致污物过多，如：头发、毛巾、塑料布和粪便、油垢相互粘接，形成固体，越积越厚，导致堵塞翻眼。这时候的清理难度就相当大了。同时会产生大量易燃和有害气体（沼气）2011年3月15日在武汉的珞狮南路10附33号一化粪池因燃放烟花引起爆炸，4个铁井盖被炸飞，多人受伤，地面崩塌（楚天都市报2011年3月16日星期三曾报道）。

If the septic tank can not be effectively cleaned for a long time, it will lead to excessive dirt, such as hair, towels, plastic cloth and feces, grease and dirt stick together to form a solid, the thicker the accumulation, leading to blockage glancing. The difficulty of cleaning up at this time is quite large. At the same time, a large number of inflammable and harmful gases (biogas) will be produced on March 15, 2011 in Wuhan Lushi South Road 10 No. 33 septic tank caused by fireworks explosion, four iron well covers were blown up, many people were injured, ground collapse (Chutian Metropolitan Daily reported Wednesday, March 16, 2011).

构筑和谐社会，守护生存环境，合理科学排放，共建绿地蓝天，是每一个公民的应尽义务！

It is every citizen's duty to build a harmonious society, to protect the living environment, to discharge reasonably and scientifically, and to build a green sky together.