化粪池工作原理与作用
化粪池的作用
The role of septic tanks
化粪池是基本的污泥处理设施,同时也是生活污水的预处理设施,它的作用表现在:
Septic tank is not only a basic sludge treatment facility, but also a pretreatment facility for domestic sewage
1、 保障生活社区的环境卫生,避免生活污水及污染物在居住环境的扩散。
1. Ensure the environmental sanitation of the living community and avoid the diffusion of domestic sewage and pollutants in the living environment.
2、 在化粪池厌氧腐化的工作环境中,杀灭蚊蝇虫卵。
2. In the working environment of anaerobic decay in septic tank, the eggs of mosquitoes and flies were killed.
3、 临时性储存污泥,有机污泥进行厌氧腐化,熟化的有机污泥可作为农用肥料。
3. Temporary storage of sludge, organic sludge anaerobic decay, mature organic sludge can be used as agricultural fertilizer.
4、 生活污水的预处理(一级处理),沉淀杂质,并使大分子有机物水解,成为酸、醇等小分子有机物,改善后续的污水处理。
4. The pretreatment (primary treatment) of domestic sewage can precipitate impurities and hydrolyze macromolecular organics to form small molecular organics such as acids and alcohols, so as to improve the follow-up sewage treatment.
工艺原理
Process principle
化粪池是一种利用沉淀和厌氧发酵的原理,去除生活污水中悬浮性有机物的处理设施, 属于初级的过渡性生活处理构筑物。生活污水中含有大量粪便、纸屑、病原虫...悬浮物固体浓度为 100~350mg/L,有机物浓度CODCr 在100~400mg/L之间,其中悬浮性的有机物浓度BOD5为50~200mg/L。污水进入化粪池经过12~24h的沉淀,可去除50%~60%的悬浮物。沉淀下来的污泥经过3个月以上的厌氧发酵分解,使污泥中的有机物分解成稳定的无机物,易腐败的生污泥转化为稳定的熟污泥,改变了污泥的结构,降低了污泥的含水率。定期将污泥清掏外运,填埋或用作肥料。
Septic tank is a kind of treatment facility which uses the principle of sedimentation and anaerobic fermentation to remove suspended organic matter in domestic sewage. It is a primary transitional domestic treatment structure. Domestic sewage contains a lot of feces, paper scraps, pathogenic insects... The concentration of suspended solids is 100 ~ 350mg / L, the concentration of organic matter is 100 ~ 400mg / L, and the concentration of suspended organic matter BOD5 is 50 ~ 200mg / L. 50% ~ 60% of suspended solids can be removed after 12 ~ 24h sedimentation. After more than three months of anaerobic fermentation, the precipitated sludge is decomposed into stable inorganic matter, and the putrefactive raw sludge is transformed into stable mature sludge, which changes the structure of sludge and reduces the water content of sludge. Regularly remove and transport the sludge, landfill or use it as fertilizer.